Estimation of age-dependent survival rates of female tsetse flies (Diptera : Glossinidae) from ovarian age distributions

Existing attempts to estimate the survival rate of tsetse flies frompjvaxian age distributions generally assume that the population is stationary. The fact that the survival rate cannot be dissociated from the growth rate by these methods poses a problem. Under the assumption of a stable age distribution, we propose a maximum likelihood method to estimate the 'apparent survival rate' for three categories of females: nulliparous (pol, young parous (pl) and old parous flies (pJ. The rate depends both on 'real survival rates' a,, a, and a2, and a growth rate X: ßo = a,/& ßl = a,/A, and ß2 = a2/A. We used a matrix model, which can be parameterized if the pupal survival rate and the pupal period are known. Replacing a,, a , and a2 by Po,& ß,A, and ß2h in the projection matrix, the problem amounts to calculating its dominant eigen-value A, and hence ao, al and a y The ' application to a field population of Glossina palpalis ganibiensis Vanderplank in Burkina Faso showed there was a marked difference in survival rate according to age category. The average survival rate increased with age with decreasing variability. The results suggested that sampling (by trapping) may have had an effect on the dynamics of this tsetse population by ageiiïg it artificially. This method may be a useful tool for monitoring tsetse control.